《课程标准》中核心的阅读策略包括：略读、扫读、找读、跳读；预测；理解大意；猜测词义；推断；理解细节；理解文章结构；理解图表信息；理解指代；理解逻辑关系。

阅读策略一：略读

【什么是略读】

所谓略读（skimming, reading for gist or reading for global understanding），指快速阅读文章以了解其内容大意的阅读方法。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。其特点是，阅读速度要求较高，通常要达到一般阅读速度的两倍，约每分钟400次，而理解的精确度则要求较低，至少理解全文的50%。

【略读技巧】

★ 注意首句和尾句以及它们之间的呼应关系，快速掌握主旨大意；

★ 总结段意，找出各段的主题句；

★ 找主线（如时间或时间的发展顺序），掌握事件或者故事梗概；

★ 回答W/H（when, where, who, what, how, why）问题；

★ 夹叙夹议的文本注意最后一段的主题升华；

★ 读科普和社会科学类文章时，则应快速掌握：成就/成果、性能/影响、用途/目的；读应用文则应重点了解：文体(如书信、广告等)、事件、时间、地点等；

★ 运用意群视读，不要在只言片语上纠缠，充分利用标题、副标题、小标题、黑体词等。

★ 注意转折词和序列词。常见的转折词有however、moreover、in addition等；序列词有firstly、secondly、what’s more、at last等。

例如：

A year ago, I took a train and sat behind a father and a young man who looked too excited. It seemed that everything was so fresh to the young man.

He looked through the train’s window, shouted, “Dad, look! The trees are going behind!” Dad smiled. A young couple sitting nearby, looked at the childish behaviour with pity. All of a sudden, he again exclaimed(大声叫嚷) , “Dad, look! the clouds are running with us!”

The couple couldn’t bear and said to the old man, “Why don’t you take your son to a good doctor?”

The old man smiled and said, “I did and we are just coming from the hospital, my son was blind from birth, he is 24 years old this year and just got his eyes today.”

Every single person on the planet has a story. Don’t judge people before you truly know them. The truth might surprise you.

（   ）Which of the following saying can be the title of the passage?

A. No survey, no say.              B. Actions speak louder than words.      

C. A close mouth catches no flies.    D. Never judge from a person’s look.

分析：快速浏览全文可知这是夹叙夹议的文章，前半部分讲的是我在火车上的见闻，最后一段是主题升华的部分，因此主题句应该是在最后一段寻找，因此发现了A选项跟“Don’t judge people before you truly know them”一个意思，因此选A。

再如：

A few days ago, Sun Min was trapped in an elevator(困在电梯里). He was scared to use an elevator again after that experience. He thinks it was one of the worst experiences of his life. He searched the Internet and found a lot of ways of escaping(逃脱) from elevator when it was broken. Here are some useful tips that he learned.

First, take deep breaths and keep calm. Too much fear will add to your scare and make you too nervous to think clearly. Tell yourself to be patient and believe that nothing is impossible.

Second, use the emergency (急救) call inside the elevator or your mobile phone to let people outside know you are stuck in an elevator. There is an emergency call on the wall of each elevator. You may use your mobile phone to give light and find it. The phone number can be found around it.

Third, putting up messages on WeChat is also a good idea to allow more people to find you are in need of help. If help hasn’t come, knock at the door hard to get attention from other people in the building.

Fourth, move less and try to relax. Even if the workers have known your situation, it may take them a long time to repair the elevator and bring you back to safety. Instead of keeping moving all the time, you are advised to keep still and relax yourself as much as possible, or you will make yourself tired out. Make sure that you are fine when the door is open.

（   ）What’s the passage mainly tells us?

A. How to use an elevator when it’s broken.

B. When to leave an elevator when it’s broken.

C. How to get away from a broken elevator.

D. When to call an emergency call in an elevator.

分析：这是一篇介绍如何在被困电梯后逃生的说明文。通过介绍孙敏的经历引出主题，但是文章并没有直接给出主题，需要从两个句子中总结出来，也就是从“He searched the Internet and found a lot of ways of escaping(逃脱) from elevator when it was broken. Here are some useful tips that he learned. ”这两句得出主旨大意。再根据First、Second、Third、Fourth可知文章讲了4点，因此，这道题应该选C。

（未完，待续）